"""A high-speed, production ready, thread pooled, generic HTTP server.

 Simplest example on how to use this module directly

 (without using CherryPy's application machinery)::

     from cherrypy import wsgiserver

     def my_crazy_app(environ, start_response):

         status = '200 OK'

         response_headers = [('Content-type','text/plain')]

         start_response(status, response_headers)

         return ['Hello world!']

     server = wsgiserver.CherryPyWSGIServer(

                 ('0.0.0.0', 8070), my_crazy_app,

                 server_name='www.cherrypy.example')

     server.start()

 The CherryPy WSGI server can serve as many WSGI applications 

 as you want in one instance by using a WSGIPathInfoDispatcher::

     d = WSGIPathInfoDispatcher({'/': my_crazy_app, '/blog': my_blog_app})

     server = wsgiserver.CherryPyWSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 80), d)

 Want SSL support? Just set server.ssl_adapter to an SSLAdapter instance.

 This won't call the CherryPy engine (application side) at all, only the

 HTTP server, which is independent from the rest of CherryPy. Don't

 let the name "CherryPyWSGIServer" throw you; the name merely reflects

 its origin, not its coupling.

 For those of you wanting to understand internals of this module, here's the

 basic call flow. The server's listening thread runs a very tight loop,

 sticking incoming connections onto a Queue::

     server = CherryPyWSGIServer(...)

     server.start()

     while True:

         tick()

         # This blocks until a request comes in:

         child = socket.accept()

         conn = HTTPConnection(child, ...)

         server.requests.put(conn)

 Worker threads are kept in a pool and poll the Queue, popping off and then

 handling each connection in turn. Each connection can consist of an arbitrary

 number of requests and their responses, so we run a nested loop::

     while True:

         conn = server.requests.get()

         conn.communicate()

         ->  while True:

                 req = HTTPRequest(...)

                 req.parse_request()

                 ->  # Read the Request-Line, e.g. "GET /page HTTP/1.1"

                     req.rfile.readline()

                     read_headers(req.rfile, req.inheaders)

                 req.respond()

                 ->  response = app(...)

                     try:

                         for chunk in response:

                             if chunk:

                                 req.write(chunk)

                     finally:

                         if hasattr(response, "close"):

                             response.close()

                 if req.close_connection:

                     return

 """

 CRLF = '\r\n'

 import os

 import Queue

 import re

 quoted_slash = re.compile("(?i)%2F")

 import rfc822

 import socket

 import sys

 if 'win' in sys.platform and not hasattr(socket, 'IPPROTO_IPV6'):

     socket.IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41

 try:

     import cStringIO as StringIO

 except ImportError:

     import StringIO

 DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = -1

 _fileobject_uses_str_type = isinstance(socket._fileobject(None)._rbuf, basestring)

 import threading

 import time

 import traceback

 def format_exc(limit=None):

     """Like print_exc() but return a string. Backport for Python 2.3."""

     try:

         etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()

         return ''.join(traceback.format_exception(etype, value, tb, limit))

     finally:

         etype = value = tb = None

 from urllib import unquote

 from urlparse import urlparse

 import warnings

 import errno

 def plat_specific_errors(*errnames):

     """Return error numbers for all errors in errnames on this platform.

     The 'errno' module contains different global constants depending on

     the specific platform (OS). This function will return the list of

     numeric values for a given list of potential names.

     """

     errno_names = dir(errno)

     nums = [getattr(errno, k) for k in errnames if k in errno_names]

     # de-dupe the list

     return dict.fromkeys(nums).keys()

 socket_error_eintr = plat_specific_errors("EINTR", "WSAEINTR")

 socket_errors_to_ignore = plat_specific_errors(

     "EPIPE",

     "EBADF", "WSAEBADF",

     "ENOTSOCK", "WSAENOTSOCK",

     "ETIMEDOUT", "WSAETIMEDOUT",

     "ECONNREFUSED", "WSAECONNREFUSED",

     "ECONNRESET", "WSAECONNRESET",

     "ECONNABORTED", "WSAECONNABORTED",

     "ENETRESET", "WSAENETRESET",

     "EHOSTDOWN", "EHOSTUNREACH",

     )

 socket_errors_to_ignore.append("timed out")

 socket_errors_to_ignore.append("The read operation timed out")

 socket_errors_nonblocking = plat_specific_errors(

     'EAGAIN', 'EWOULDBLOCK', 'WSAEWOULDBLOCK')

 comma_separated_headers = ['Accept', 'Accept-Charset', 'Accept-Encoding',

     'Accept-Language', 'Accept-Ranges', 'Allow', 'Cache-Control',

     'Connection', 'Content-Encoding', 'Content-Language', 'Expect',

     'If-Match', 'If-None-Match', 'Pragma', 'Proxy-Authenticate', 'TE',

     'Trailer', 'Transfer-Encoding', 'Upgrade', 'Vary', 'Via', 'Warning',

     'WWW-Authenticate']

 import logging

 if not hasattr(logging, 'statistics'): logging.statistics = {}

 def read_headers(rfile, hdict=None):

     """Read headers from the given stream into the given header dict.

     If hdict is None, a new header dict is created. Returns the populated

     header dict.

     Headers which are repeated are folded together using a comma if their

     specification so dictates.

     This function raises ValueError when the read bytes violate the HTTP spec.

     You should probably return "400 Bad Request" if this happens.

     """

     if hdict is None:

         hdict = {}

     while True:

         line = rfile.readline()

         if not line:

             # No more data--illegal end of headers

             raise ValueError("Illegal end of headers.")

         if line == CRLF:

             # Normal end of headers

             break

         if not line.endswith(CRLF):

             raise ValueError("HTTP requires CRLF terminators")

         if line[0] in ' \t':

             # It's a continuation line.

             v = line.strip()

         else:

             try:

                 k, v = line.split(":", 1)

             except ValueError:

                 raise ValueError("Illegal header line.")

             # TODO: what about TE and WWW-Authenticate?

             k = k.strip().title()

             v = v.strip()

             hname = k

         if k in comma_separated_headers:

             existing = hdict.get(hname)

             if existing:

                 v = ", ".join((existing, v))

         hdict[hname] = v

     return hdict

 class MaxSizeExceeded(Exception):

     pass

 class SizeCheckWrapper(object):

     """Wraps a file-like object, raising MaxSizeExceeded if too large."""

     def __init__(self, rfile, maxlen):

         self.rfile = rfile

         self.maxlen = maxlen

         self.bytes_read = 0

     def _check_length(self):

         if self.maxlen and self.bytes_read > self.maxlen:

             raise MaxSizeExceeded()

     def read(self, size=None):

         data = self.rfile.read(size)

         self.bytes_read += len(data)

         self._check_length()

         return data

     def readline(self, size=None):

         if size is not None:

             data = self.rfile.readline(size)

             self.bytes_read += len(data)

             self._check_length()

             return data

         # User didn't specify a size ...

         # We read the line in chunks to make sure it's not a 100MB line !

         res = []

         while True:

             data = self.rfile.readline(256)

             self.bytes_read += len(data)

             self._check_length()

             res.append(data)

             # See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/421

             if len(data) < 256 or data[-1:] == "\n":

                 return ''.join(res)

     def readlines(self, sizehint=0):

         # Shamelessly stolen from StringIO

         total = 0

         lines = []

         line = self.readline()

         while line:

             lines.append(line)

             total += len(line)

             if 0 < sizehint <= total:

                 break

             line = self.readline()

         return lines

     def close(self):

         self.rfile.close()

     def __iter__(self):

         return self

     def next(self):

         data = self.rfile.next()

         self.bytes_read += len(data)

         self._check_length()

         return data

 class KnownLengthRFile(object):

     """Wraps a file-like object, returning an empty string when exhausted."""

     def __init__(self, rfile, content_length):

         self.rfile = rfile

         self.remaining = content_length

     def read(self, size=None):

         if self.remaining == 0:

             return ''

         if size is None:

             size = self.remaining

         else:

             size = min(size, self.remaining)

         data = self.rfile.read(size)

         self.remaining -= len(data)

         return data

     def readline(self, size=None):

         if self.remaining == 0:

             return ''

         if size is None:

             size = self.remaining

         else:

             size = min(size, self.remaining)

         data = self.rfile.readline(size)

         self.remaining -= len(data)

         return data

     def readlines(self, sizehint=0):

         # Shamelessly stolen from StringIO

         total = 0

         lines = []

         line = self.readline(sizehint)

         while line:

             lines.append(line)

             total += len(line)

             if 0 < sizehint <= total:

                 break

             line = self.readline(sizehint)

         return lines

     def close(self):

         self.rfile.close()

     def __iter__(self):

         return self

     def __next__(self):

         data = next(self.rfile)

         self.remaining -= len(data)

         return data

 class ChunkedRFile(object):

     """Wraps a file-like object, returning an empty string when exhausted.

     This class is intended to provide a conforming wsgi.input value for

     request entities that have been encoded with the 'chunked' transfer

     encoding.

     """

     def __init__(self, rfile, maxlen, bufsize=8192):

         self.rfile = rfile

         self.maxlen = maxlen

         self.bytes_read = 0

         self.buffer = ''

         self.bufsize = bufsize

         self.closed = False

     def _fetch(self):

         if self.closed:

             return

         line = self.rfile.readline()

         self.bytes_read += len(line)

         if self.maxlen and self.bytes_read > self.maxlen:

             raise MaxSizeExceeded("Request Entity Too Large", self.maxlen)

         line = line.strip().split(";", 1)

         try:

             chunk_size = line.pop(0)

             chunk_size = int(chunk_size, 16)

         except ValueError:

             raise ValueError("Bad chunked transfer size: " + repr(chunk_size))

         if chunk_size <= 0:

             self.closed = True

             return

 ##            if line: chunk_extension = line[0]

         if self.maxlen and self.bytes_read + chunk_size > self.maxlen:

             raise IOError("Request Entity Too Large")

         chunk = self.rfile.read(chunk_size)

         self.bytes_read += len(chunk)

         self.buffer += chunk

         crlf = self.rfile.read(2)

         if crlf != CRLF:

             raise ValueError(

                  "Bad chunked transfer coding (expected '\\r\\n', "

                  "got " + repr(crlf) + ")")

     def read(self, size=None):

         data = ''

         while True:

             if size and len(data) >= size:

                 return data

             if not self.buffer:

                 self._fetch()

                 if not self.buffer:

                     # EOF

                     return data

             if size:

                 remaining = size - len(data)

                 data += self.buffer[:remaining]

                 self.buffer = self.buffer[remaining:]

             else:

                 data += self.buffer

     def readline(self, size=None):

         data = ''

         while True:

             if size and len(data) >= size:

                 return data

             if not self.buffer:

                 self._fetch()

                 if not self.buffer:

                     # EOF

                     return data

             newline_pos = self.buffer.find('\n')

             if size:

                 if newline_pos == -1:

                     remaining = size - len(data)

                     data += self.buffer[:remaining]

                     self.buffer = self.buffer[remaining:]

                 else:

                     remaining = min(size - len(data), newline_pos)

                     data += self.buffer[:remaining]

                     self.buffer = self.buffer[remaining:]

             else:

                 if newline_pos == -1:

                     data += self.buffer

                 else:

                     data += self.buffer[:newline_pos]

                     self.buffer = self.buffer[newline_pos:]

     def readlines(self, sizehint=0):

         # Shamelessly stolen from StringIO

         total = 0

         lines = []

         line = self.readline(sizehint)

         while line:

             lines.append(line)

             total += len(line)

             if 0 < sizehint <= total:

                 break

             line = self.readline(sizehint)

         return lines

     def read_trailer_lines(self):

         if not self.closed:

             raise ValueError(

                 "Cannot read trailers until the request body has been read.")

         while True:

             line = self.rfile.readline()

             if not line:

                 # No more data--illegal end of headers

                 raise ValueError("Illegal end of headers.")

             self.bytes_read += len(line)

             if self.maxlen and self.bytes_read > self.maxlen:

                 raise IOError("Request Entity Too Large")

             if line == CRLF:

                 # Normal end of headers

                 break

             if not line.endswith(CRLF):

                 raise ValueError("HTTP requires CRLF terminators")

             yield line

     def close(self):

         self.rfile.close()

     def __iter__(self):

         # Shamelessly stolen from StringIO

         total = 0

         line = self.readline(sizehint)

         while line:

             yield line

             total += len(line)

             if 0 < sizehint <= total:

                 break

             line = self.readline(sizehint)

 class HTTPRequest(object):

     """An HTTP Request (and response).

     A single HTTP connection may consist of multiple request/response pairs.

     """

     server = None

     """The HTTPServer object which is receiving this request."""

     conn = None

     """The HTTPConnection object on which this request connected."""

     inheaders = {}

     """A dict of request headers."""

     outheaders = []

     """A list of header tuples to write in the response."""

     ready = False

     """When True, the request has been parsed and is ready to begin generating

     the response. When False, signals the calling Connection that the response

     should not be generated and the connection should close."""

     close_connection = False

     """Signals the calling Connection that the request should close. This does

     not imply an error! The client and/or server may each request that the

     connection be closed."""

     chunked_write = False

     """If True, output will be encoded with the "chunked" transfer-coding.

     This value is set automatically inside send_headers."""

     def __init__(self, server, conn):

         self.server= server

         self.conn = conn

         self.ready = False

         self.started_request = False

         self.scheme = "http"

         if self.server.ssl_adapter is not None:

             self.scheme = "https"

         # Use the lowest-common protocol in case read_request_line errors.

         self.response_protocol = 'HTTP/1.0'

         self.inheaders = {}

         self.status = ""

         self.outheaders = []

         self.sent_headers = False

         self.close_connection = self.__class__.close_connection

         self.chunked_read = False

         self.chunked_write = self.__class__.chunked_write

     def parse_request(self):

         """Parse the next HTTP request start-line and message-headers."""

         self.rfile = SizeCheckWrapper(self.conn.rfile,

                                       self.server.max_request_header_size)

         try:

             self.read_request_line()

         except MaxSizeExceeded:

             self.simple_response("414 Request-URI Too Long",

                 "The Request-URI sent with the request exceeds the maximum "

                 "allowed bytes.")

             return

         try:

             success = self.read_request_headers()

         except MaxSizeExceeded:

             self.simple_response("413 Request Entity Too Large",

                 "The headers sent with the request exceed the maximum "

                 "allowed bytes.")

             return

         else:

             if not success:

                 return

         self.ready = True

     def read_request_line(self):

         # HTTP/1.1 connections are persistent by default. If a client

         # requests a page, then idles (leaves the connection open),

         # then rfile.readline() will raise socket.error("timed out").

         # Note that it does this based on the value given to settimeout(),

         # and doesn't need the client to request or acknowledge the close

         # (although your TCP stack might suffer for it: cf Apache's history

         # with FIN_WAIT_2).

         request_line = self.rfile.readline()

         # Set started_request to True so communicate() knows to send 408

         # from here on out.

         self.started_request = True

         if not request_line:

             # Force self.ready = False so the connection will close.

             self.ready = False

             return

         if request_line == CRLF:

             # RFC 2616 sec 4.1: "...if the server is reading the protocol

             # stream at the beginning of a message and receives a CRLF

             # first, it should ignore the CRLF."

             # But only ignore one leading line! else we enable a DoS.

             request_line = self.rfile.readline()

             if not request_line:

                 self.ready = False

                 return

         if not request_line.endswith(CRLF):

             self.simple_response("400 Bad Request", "HTTP requires CRLF terminators")

             return

         try:

             method, uri, req_protocol = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)

             rp = int(req_protocol[5]), int(req_protocol[7])

         except (ValueError, IndexError):

             self.simple_response("400 Bad Request", "Malformed Request-Line")

             return

         self.uri = uri

         self.method = method

         # uri may be an abs_path (including "http://host.domain.tld");

         scheme, authority, path = self.parse_request_uri(uri)

         if '#' in path:

             self.simple_response("400 Bad Request",

                                  "Illegal #fragment in Request-URI.")

             return

         if scheme:

             self.scheme = scheme

         qs = ''

         if '?' in path:

             path, qs = path.split('?', 1)

         # Unquote the path+params (e.g. "/this%20path" -> "/this path").

         # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec5.html#sec5.1.2

         #

         # But note that "...a URI must be separated into its components

         # before the escaped characters within those components can be

         # safely decoded." http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt, sec 2.4.2

         # Therefore, "/this%2Fpath" becomes "/this%2Fpath", not "/this/path".

         try:

             atoms = [unquote(x) for x in quoted_slash.split(path)]

         except ValueError, ex:

             self.simple_response("400 Bad Request", ex.args[0])

             return

         path = "%2F".join(atoms)

         self.path = path

         # Note that, like wsgiref and most other HTTP servers,

         # we "% HEX HEX"-unquote the path but not the query string.

         self.qs = qs

         # Compare request and server HTTP protocol versions, in case our

         # server does not support the requested protocol. Limit our output

         # to min(req, server). We want the following output:

         #     request    server     actual written   supported response

         #     protocol   protocol  response protocol    feature set

         # a     1.0        1.0           1.0                1.0

         # b     1.0        1.1           1.1                1.0

         # c     1.1        1.0           1.0                1.0

         # d     1.1        1.1           1.1                1.1

         # Notice that, in (b), the response will be "HTTP/1.1" even though

         # the client only understands 1.0. RFC 2616 10.5.6 says we should

         # only return 505 if the _major_ version is different.

         sp = int(self.server.protocol[5]), int(self.server.protocol[7])

         if sp[0] != rp[0]:

             self.simple_response("505 HTTP Version Not Supported")

             return

         self.request_protocol = req_protocol

         self.response_protocol = "HTTP/%s.%s" % min(rp, sp)

     def read_request_headers(self):

         """Read self.rfile into self.inheaders. Return success."""

         # then all the http headers

         try:

             read_headers(self.rfile, self.inheaders)

         except ValueError, ex:

             self.simple_response("400 Bad Request", ex.args[0])

             return False

         mrbs = self.server.max_request_body_size

         if mrbs and int(self.inheaders.get("Content-Length", 0)) > mrbs:

             self.simple_response("413 Request Entity Too Large",

                 "The entity sent with the request exceeds the maximum "

                 "allowed bytes.")

             return False

         # Persistent connection support

         if self.response_protocol == "HTTP/1.1":

             # Both server and client are HTTP/1.1

             if self.inheaders.get("Connection", "") == "close":

                 self.close_connection = True

         else:

             # Either the server or client (or both) are HTTP/1.0

             if self.inheaders.get("Connection", "") != "Keep-Alive":

                 self.close_connection = True

         # Transfer-Encoding support

         te = None

         if self.response_protocol == "HTTP/1.1":

             te = self.inheaders.get("Transfer-Encoding")

             if te:

                 te = [x.strip().lower() for x in te.split(",") if x.strip()]

         self.chunked_read = False

         if te:

             for enc in te:

                 if enc == "chunked":

                     self.chunked_read = True

                 else:

                     # Note that, even if we see "chunked", we must reject

                     # if there is an extension we don't recognize.

                     self.simple_response("501 Unimplemented")

                     self.close_connection = True

                     return False

         # From PEP 333:

         # "Servers and gateways that implement HTTP 1.1 must provide

         # transparent support for HTTP 1.1's "expect/continue" mechanism.

         # This may be done in any of several ways:

         #   1. Respond to requests containing an Expect: 100-continue request

         #      with an immediate "100 Continue" response, and proceed normally.

         #   2. Proceed with the request normally, but provide the application

         #      with a wsgi.input stream that will send the "100 Continue"

         #      response if/when the application first attempts to read from

         #      the input stream. The read request must then remain blocked

         #      until the client responds.

         #   3. Wait until the client decides that the server does not support

         #      expect/continue, and sends the request body on its own.

         #      (This is suboptimal, and is not recommended.)

         #

         # We used to do 3, but are now doing 1. Maybe we'll do 2 someday,

         # but it seems like it would be a big slowdown for such a rare case.

         if self.inheaders.get("Expect", "") == "100-continue":

             # Don't use simple_response here, because it emits headers

             # we don't want. See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/951

             msg = self.server.protocol + " 100 Continue\r\n\r\n"

             try:

                 self.conn.wfile.sendall(msg)

             except socket.error, x:

                 if x.args[0] not in socket_errors_to_ignore:

                     raise

         return True

     def parse_request_uri(self, uri):

         """Parse a Request-URI into (scheme, authority, path).

         Note that Request-URI's must be one of::

             Request-URI    = "*" | absoluteURI | abs_path | authority

         Therefore, a Request-URI which starts with a double forward-slash

         cannot be a "net_path"::

             net_path      = "//" authority [ abs_path ]

         Instead, it must be interpreted as an "abs_path" with an empty first

         path segment::

             abs_path      = "/"  path_segments

             path_segments = segment *( "/" segment )

             segment       = *pchar *( ";" param )

             param         = *pchar

         """

         if uri == "*":

             return None, None, uri

         i = uri.find('://')

         if i > 0 and '?' not in uri[:i]:

             # An absoluteURI.

             # If there's a scheme (and it must be http or https), then:

             # http_URL = "http:" "//" host [ ":" port ] [ abs_path [ "?" query ]]

             scheme, remainder = uri[:i].lower(), uri[i + 3:]

             authority, path = remainder.split("/", 1)

             return scheme, authority, path

         if uri.startswith('/'):

             # An abs_path.

             return None, None, uri

         else:

             # An authority.

             return None, uri, None

     def respond(self):

         """Call the gateway and write its iterable output."""

         mrbs = self.server.max_request_body_size

         if self.chunked_read:

             self.rfile = ChunkedRFile(self.conn.rfile, mrbs)

         else:

             cl = int(self.inheaders.get("Content-Length", 0))

             if mrbs and mrbs < cl:

                 if not self.sent_headers:

                     self.simple_response("413 Request Entity Too Large",

                         "The entity sent with the request exceeds the maximum "

                         "allowed bytes.")

                 return

             self.rfile = KnownLengthRFile(self.conn.rfile, cl)

         self.server.gateway(self).respond()

         if (self.ready and not self.sent_headers):

             self.sent_headers = True

             self.send_headers()

         if self.chunked_write:

             self.conn.wfile.sendall("0\r\n\r\n")

     def simple_response(self, status, msg=""):

         """Write a simple response back to the client."""

         status = str(status)

         buf = [self.server.protocol + " " +

                status + CRLF,

                "Content-Length: %s\r\n" % len(msg),

                "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"]

         if status[:3] in ("413", "414"):

             # Request Entity Too Large / Request-URI Too Long

             self.close_connection = True

             if self.response_protocol == 'HTTP/1.1':

                 # This will not be true for 414, since read_request_line

                 # usually raises 414 before reading the whole line, and we

                 # therefore cannot know the proper response_protocol.

                 buf.append("Connection: close\r\n")

             else:

                 # HTTP/1.0 had no 413/414 status nor Connection header.

                 # Emit 400 instead and trust the message body is enough.

                 status = "400 Bad Request"

         buf.append(CRLF)

         if msg:

             if isinstance(msg, unicode):

                 msg = msg.encode("ISO-8859-1")

             buf.append(msg)

         try:

             self.conn.wfile.sendall("".join(buf))

         except socket.error, x:

             if x.args[0] not in socket_errors_to_ignore:

                 raise

     def write(self, chunk):

         """Write unbuffered data to the client."""

         if self.chunked_write and chunk:

             buf = [hex(len(chunk))[2:], CRLF, chunk, CRLF]

             self.conn.wfile.sendall("".join(buf))

         else:

             self.conn.wfile.sendall(chunk)

     def send_headers(self):

         """Assert, process, and send the HTTP response message-headers.

         You must set self.status, and self.outheaders before calling this.

         """

         hkeys = [key.lower() for key, value in self.outheaders]

         status = int(self.status[:3])

         if status == 413:

             # Request Entity Too Large. Close conn to avoid garbage.

             self.close_connection = True

         elif "content-length" not in hkeys:

             # "All 1xx (informational), 204 (no content),

             # and 304 (not modified) responses MUST NOT

             # include a message-body." So no point chunking.

             if status < 200 or status in (204, 205, 304):

                 pass

             else:

                 if (self.response_protocol == 'HTTP/1.1'

                     and self.method != 'HEAD'):

                     # Use the chunked transfer-coding

                     self.chunked_write = True

                     self.outheaders.append(("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"))

                 else:

                     # Closing the conn is the only way to determine len.

                     self.close_connection = True

         if "connection" not in hkeys:

             if self.response_protocol == 'HTTP/1.1':

                 # Both server and client are HTTP/1.1 or better

                 if self.close_connection:

                     self.outheaders.append(("Connection", "close"))

             else:

                 # Server and/or client are HTTP/1.0

                 if not self.close_connection:

                     self.outheaders.append(("Connection", "Keep-Alive"))

         if (not self.close_connection) and (not self.chunked_read):

             # Read any remaining request body data on the socket.

             # "If an origin server receives a request that does not include an

             # Expect request-header field with the "100-continue" expectation,

             # the request includes a request body, and the server responds

             # with a final status code before reading the entire request body

             # from the transport connection, then the server SHOULD NOT close

             # the transport connection until it has read the entire request,

             # or until the client closes the connection. Otherwise, the client

             # might not reliably receive the response message. However, this

             # requirement is not be construed as preventing a server from

             # defending itself against denial-of-service attacks, or from

             # badly broken client implementations."

             remaining = getattr(self.rfile, 'remaining', 0)

             if remaining > 0:

                 self.rfile.read(remaining)

         if "date" not in hkeys:

             self.outheaders.append(("Date", rfc822.formatdate()))

         if "server" not in hkeys:

             self.outheaders.append(("Server", self.server.server_name))

         buf = [self.server.protocol + " " + self.status + CRLF]

         for k, v in self.outheaders:

             buf.append(k + ": " + v + CRLF)

         buf.append(CRLF)

         self.conn.wfile.sendall("".join(buf))

 class NoSSLError(Exception):

     """Exception raised when a client speaks HTTP to an HTTPS socket."""

     pass

 class FatalSSLAlert(Exception):

     """Exception raised when the SSL implementation signals a fatal alert."""

     pass

 class CP_fileobject(socket._fileobject):

     """Faux file object attached to a socket object."""

     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

         self.bytes_read = 0

         self.bytes_written = 0

         socket._fileobject.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

     def sendall(self, data):

         """Sendall for non-blocking sockets."""

         while data:

             try:

                 bytes_sent = self.send(data)

                 data = data[bytes_sent:]

             except socket.error, e:

                 if e.args[0] not in socket_errors_nonblocking:

                     raise

     def send(self, data):

         bytes_sent = self._sock.send(data)

         self.bytes_written += bytes_sent

         return bytes_sent

     def flush(self):

         if self._wbuf:

             buffer = "".join(self._wbuf)

             self._wbuf = []

             self.sendall(buffer)

     def recv(self, size):

         while True:

             try:

                 data = self._sock.recv(size)

                 self.bytes_read += len(data)

                 return data

             except socket.error, e:

                 if (e.args[0] not in socket_errors_nonblocking

                     and e.args[0] not in socket_error_eintr):

                     raise

     if not _fileobject_uses_str_type:

         def read(self, size=-1):

             # Use max, disallow tiny reads in a loop as they are very inefficient.

             # We never leave read() with any leftover data from a new recv() call

             # in our internal buffer.

             rbufsize = max(self._rbufsize, self.default_bufsize)

             # Our use of StringIO rather than lists of string objects returned by

             # recv() minimizes memory usage and fragmentation that occurs when

             # rbufsize is large compared to the typical return value of recv().

             buf = self._rbuf

             buf.seek(0, 2)  # seek end

             if size < 0:

                 # Read until EOF

                 self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()  # reset _rbuf.  we consume it via buf.

                 while True:

                     data = self.recv(rbufsize)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     buf.write(data)

                 return buf.getvalue()

             else:

                 # Read until size bytes or EOF seen, whichever comes first

                 buf_len = buf.tell()

                 if buf_len >= size:

                     # Already have size bytes in our buffer?  Extract and return.

                     buf.seek(0)

                     rv = buf.read(size)

                     self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()

                     self._rbuf.write(buf.read())

                     return rv

                 self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()  # reset _rbuf.  we consume it via buf.

                 while True:

                     left = size - buf_len

                     # recv() will malloc the amount of memory given as its

                     # parameter even though it often returns much less data

                     # than that.  The returned data string is short lived

                     # as we copy it into a StringIO and free it.  This avoids

                     # fragmentation issues on many platforms.

                     data = self.recv(left)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     n = len(data)

                     if n == size and not buf_len:

                         # Shortcut.  Avoid buffer data copies when:

                         # - We have no data in our buffer.

                         # AND

                         # - Our call to recv returned exactly the

                         #   number of bytes we were asked to read.

                         return data

                     if n == left:

                         buf.write(data)

                         del data  # explicit free

                         break

                     assert n <= left, "recv(%d) returned %d bytes" % (left, n)

                     buf.write(data)

                     buf_len += n

                     del data  # explicit free

                     #assert buf_len == buf.tell()

                 return buf.getvalue()

         def readline(self, size=-1):

             buf = self._rbuf

             buf.seek(0, 2)  # seek end

             if buf.tell() > 0:

                 # check if we already have it in our buffer

                 buf.seek(0)

                 bline = buf.readline(size)

                 if bline.endswith('\n') or len(bline) == size:

                     self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()

                     self._rbuf.write(buf.read())

                     return bline

                 del bline

             if size < 0:

                 # Read until \n or EOF, whichever comes first

                 if self._rbufsize <= 1:

                     # Speed up unbuffered case

                     buf.seek(0)

                     buffers = [buf.read()]

                     self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()  # reset _rbuf.  we consume it via buf.

                     data = None

                     recv = self.recv

                     while data != "\n":

                         data = recv(1)

                         if not data:

                             break

                         buffers.append(data)

                     return "".join(buffers)

                 buf.seek(0, 2)  # seek end

                 self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()  # reset _rbuf.  we consume it via buf.

                 while True:

                     data = self.recv(self._rbufsize)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     nl = data.find('\n')

                     if nl >= 0:

                         nl += 1

                         buf.write(data[:nl])

                         self._rbuf.write(data[nl:])

                         del data

                         break

                     buf.write(data)

                 return buf.getvalue()

             else:

                 # Read until size bytes or \n or EOF seen, whichever comes first

                 buf.seek(0, 2)  # seek end

                 buf_len = buf.tell()

                 if buf_len >= size:

                     buf.seek(0)

                     rv = buf.read(size)

                     self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()

                     self._rbuf.write(buf.read())

                     return rv

                 self._rbuf = StringIO.StringIO()  # reset _rbuf.  we consume it via buf.

                 while True:

                     data = self.recv(self._rbufsize)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     left = size - buf_len

                     # did we just receive a newline?

                     nl = data.find('\n', 0, left)

                     if nl >= 0:

                         nl += 1

                         # save the excess data to _rbuf

                         self._rbuf.write(data[nl:])

                         if buf_len:

                             buf.write(data[:nl])

                             break

                         else:

                             # Shortcut.  Avoid data copy through buf when returning

                             # a substring of our first recv().

                             return data[:nl]

                     n = len(data)

                     if n == size and not buf_len:

                         # Shortcut.  Avoid data copy through buf when

                         # returning exactly all of our first recv().

                         return data

                     if n >= left:

                         buf.write(data[:left])

                         self._rbuf.write(data[left:])

                         break

                     buf.write(data)

                     buf_len += n

                     #assert buf_len == buf.tell()

                 return buf.getvalue()

     else:

         def read(self, size=-1):

             if size < 0:

                 # Read until EOF

                 buffers = [self._rbuf]

                 self._rbuf = ""

                 if self._rbufsize <= 1:

                     recv_size = self.default_bufsize

                 else:

                     recv_size = self._rbufsize

                 while True:

                     data = self.recv(recv_size)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     buffers.append(data)

                 return "".join(buffers)

             else:

                 # Read until size bytes or EOF seen, whichever comes first

                 data = self._rbuf

                 buf_len = len(data)

                 if buf_len >= size:

                     self._rbuf = data[size:]

                     return data[:size]

                 buffers = []

                 if data:

                     buffers.append(data)

                 self._rbuf = ""

                 while True:

                     left = size - buf_len

                     recv_size = max(self._rbufsize, left)

                     data = self.recv(recv_size)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     buffers.append(data)

                     n = len(data)

                     if n >= left:

                         self._rbuf = data[left:]

                         buffers[-1] = data[:left]

                         break

                     buf_len += n

                 return "".join(buffers)

         def readline(self, size=-1):

             data = self._rbuf

             if size < 0:

                 # Read until \n or EOF, whichever comes first

                 if self._rbufsize <= 1:

                     # Speed up unbuffered case

                     assert data == ""

                     buffers = []

                     while data != "\n":

                         data = self.recv(1)

                         if not data:

                             break

                         buffers.append(data)

                     return "".join(buffers)

                 nl = data.find('\n')

                 if nl >= 0:

                     nl += 1

                     self._rbuf = data[nl:]

                     return data[:nl]

                 buffers = []

                 if data:

                     buffers.append(data)

                 self._rbuf = ""

                 while True:

                     data = self.recv(self._rbufsize)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     buffers.append(data)

                     nl = data.find('\n')

                     if nl >= 0:

                         nl += 1

                         self._rbuf = data[nl:]

                         buffers[-1] = data[:nl]

                         break

                 return "".join(buffers)

             else:

                 # Read until size bytes or \n or EOF seen, whichever comes first

                 nl = data.find('\n', 0, size)

                 if nl >= 0:

                     nl += 1

                     self._rbuf = data[nl:]

                     return data[:nl]

                 buf_len = len(data)

                 if buf_len >= size:

                     self._rbuf = data[size:]

                     return data[:size]

                 buffers = []

                 if data:

                     buffers.append(data)

                 self._rbuf = ""

                 while True:

                     data = self.recv(self._rbufsize)

                     if not data:

                         break

                     buffers.append(data)

                     left = size - buf_len

                     nl = data.find('\n', 0, left)

                     if nl >= 0:

                         nl += 1

                         self._rbuf = data[nl:]

                         buffers[-1] = data[:nl]

                         break

                     n = len(data)

                     if n >= left:

                         self._rbuf = data[left:]

                         buffers[-1] = data[:left]

                         break

                     buf_len += n

                 return "".join(buffers)

 class HTTPConnection(object):

     """An HTTP connection (active socket).

     server: the Server object which received this connection.

     socket: the raw socket object (usually TCP) for this connection.

     makefile: a fileobject class for reading from the socket.

     """

     remote_addr = None

     remote_port = None

     ssl_env = None

     rbufsize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE

     wbufsize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE

     RequestHandlerClass = HTTPRequest

     def __init__(self, server, sock, makefile=CP_fileobject):

         self.server = server

         self.socket = sock

         self.rfile = makefile(sock, "rb", self.rbufsize)

         self.wfile = makefile(sock, "wb", self.wbufsize)

         self.requests_seen = 0

     def communicate(self):

         """Read each request and respond appropriately."""

         request_seen = False

         try:

             while True:

                 # (re)set req to None so that if something goes wrong in

                 # the RequestHandlerClass constructor, the error doesn't

                 # get written to the previous request.

                 req = None

                 req = self.RequestHandlerClass(self.server, self)

                 # This order of operations should guarantee correct pipelining.

                 req.parse_request()

                 if self.server.stats['Enabled']:

                     self.requests_seen += 1

                 if not req.ready:

                     # Something went wrong in the parsing (and the server has

                     # probably already made a simple_response). Return and

                     # let the conn close.

                     return

                 request_seen = True

                 req.respond()

                 if req.close_connection:

                     return

         except socket.error, e:

             errnum = e.args[0]

             # sadly SSL sockets return a different (longer) time out string

             if errnum == 'timed out' or errnum == 'The read operation timed out':

                 # Don't error if we're between requests; only error

                 # if 1) no request has been started at all, or 2) we're

                 # in the middle of a request.

                 # See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/853

                 if (not request_seen) or (req and req.started_request):

                     # Don't bother writing the 408 if the response

                     # has already started being written.

                     if req and not req.sent_headers:

                         try:

                             req.simple_response("408 Request Timeout")

                         except FatalSSLAlert:

                             # Close the connection.

                             return

             elif errnum not in socket_errors_to_ignore:

                 if req and not req.sent_headers:

                     try:

                         req.simple_response("500 Internal Server Error",

                                             format_exc())

                     except FatalSSLAlert:

                         # Close the connection.

                         return

             return

         except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):

             raise

         except FatalSSLAlert:

             # Close the connection.

             return

         except NoSSLError:

             if req and not req.sent_headers:

                 # Unwrap our wfile

                 self.wfile = CP_fileobject(self.socket._sock, "wb", self.wbufsize)

                 req.simple_response("400 Bad Request",

                     "The client sent a plain HTTP request, but "

                     "this server only speaks HTTPS on this port.")

                 self.linger = True

         except Exception:

             if req and not req.sent_headers:

                 try:

                     req.simple_response("500 Internal Server Error", format_exc())

                 except FatalSSLAlert:

                     # Close the connection.

                     return

     linger = False

     def close(self):

         """Close the socket underlying this connection."""

         self.rfile.close()

         if not self.linger:

             # Python's socket module does NOT call close on the kernel socket

             # when you call socket.close(). We do so manually here because we

             # want this server to send a FIN TCP segment immediately. Note this

             # must be called *before* calling socket.close(), because the latter

             # drops its reference to the kernel socket.

             if hasattr(self.socket, '_sock'):

                 self.socket._sock.close()

             self.socket.close()

         else:

             # On the other hand, sometimes we want to hang around for a bit

             # to make sure the client has a chance to read our entire

             # response. Skipping the close() calls here delays the FIN

             # packet until the socket object is garbage-collected later.

             # Someday, perhaps, we'll do the full lingering_close that

             # Apache does, but not today.

             pass

 _SHUTDOWNREQUEST = None

 class WorkerThread(threading.Thread):

     """Thread which continuously polls a Queue for Connection objects.

     Due to the timing issues of polling a Queue, a WorkerThread does not

     check its own 'ready' flag after it has started. To stop the thread,

     it is necessary to stick a _SHUTDOWNREQUEST object onto the Queue

     (one for each running WorkerThread).

     """

     conn = None

     """The current connection pulled off the Queue, or None."""

     server = None

     """The HTTP Server which spawned this thread, and which owns the

     Queue and is placing active connections into it."""

     ready = False

     """A simple flag for the calling server to know when this thread

     has begun polling the Queue."""

     def __init__(self, server):

         self.ready = False

         self.server = server

         self.requests_seen = 0

         self.bytes_read = 0

         self.bytes_written = 0

         self.start_time = None

         self.work_time = 0

         self.stats = {

             'Requests': lambda s: self.requests_seen + ((self.start_time is None) and 0 or self.conn.requests_seen),

             'Bytes Read': lambda s: self.bytes_read + ((self.start_time is None) and 0 or self.conn.rfile.bytes_read),

             'Bytes Written': lambda s: self.bytes_written + ((self.start_time is None) and 0 or self.conn.wfile.bytes_written),

             'Work Time': lambda s: self.work_time + ((self.start_time is None) and 0 or time.time() - self.start_time),

             'Read Throughput': lambda s: s['Bytes Read'](s) / (s['Work Time'](s) or 1e-6),

             'Write Throughput': lambda s: s['Bytes Written'](s) / (s['Work Time'](s) or 1e-6),

         }

         threading.Thread.__init__(self)

     def run(self):

         self.server.stats['Worker Threads'][self.getName()] = self.stats

         try:

             self.ready = True

             while True:

                 conn = self.server.requests.get()

                 if conn is _SHUTDOWNREQUEST:

                     return

                 self.conn = conn

                 if self.server.stats['Enabled']:

                     self.start_time = time.time()

                 try:

                     conn.communicate()

                 finally:

                     conn.close()

                     if self.server.stats['Enabled']:

                         self.requests_seen += self.conn.requests_seen

                         self.bytes_read += self.conn.rfile.bytes_read

                         self.bytes_written += self.conn.wfile.bytes_written

                         self.work_time += time.time() - self.start_time

                         self.start_time = None

                     self.conn = None

         except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit), exc:

             self.server.interrupt = exc

 class ThreadPool(object):

     """A Request Queue for the CherryPyWSGIServer which pools threads.

     ThreadPool objects must provide min, get(), put(obj), start()

     and stop(timeout) attributes.

     """

     def __init__(self, server, min=10, max=-1):

         self.server = server

         self.min = min

         self.max = max

         self._threads = []

         self._queue = Queue.Queue()

         self.get = self._queue.get

     def start(self):

         """Start the pool of threads."""

         for i in range(self.min):

             self._threads.append(WorkerThread(self.server))

         for worker in self._threads:

             worker.setName("CP Server " + worker.getName())

             worker.start()

         for worker in self._threads:

             while not worker.ready:

                 time.sleep(.1)

     def _get_idle(self):

         """Number of worker threads which are idle. Read-only."""

         return len([t for t in self._threads if t.conn is None])

     idle = property(_get_idle, doc=_get_idle.__doc__)

     def put(self, obj):

         self._queue.put(obj)

         if obj is _SHUTDOWNREQUEST:

             return

     def grow(self, amount):

         """Spawn new worker threads (not above self.max)."""

         for i in range(amount):

             if self.max > 0 and len(self._threads) >= self.max:

                 break

             worker = WorkerThread(self.server)

             worker.setName("CP Server " + worker.getName())

             self._threads.append(worker)

             worker.start()

     def shrink(self, amount):

         """Kill off worker threads (not below self.min)."""

         # Grow/shrink the pool if necessary.

         # Remove any dead threads from our list

         for t in self._threads:

             if not t.isAlive():

                 self._threads.remove(t)

                 amount -= 1

         if amount > 0:

             for i in range(min(amount, len(self._threads) - self.min)):

                 # Put a number of shutdown requests on the queue equal

                 # to 'amount'. Once each of those is processed by a worker,

                 # that worker will terminate and be culled from our list

                 # in self.put.

                 self._queue.put(_SHUTDOWNREQUEST)

     def stop(self, timeout=5):

         # Must shut down threads here so the code that calls

         # this method can know when all threads are stopped.

         for worker in self._threads:

             self._queue.put(_SHUTDOWNREQUEST)

         # Don't join currentThread (when stop is called inside a request).

         current = threading.currentThread()

         if timeout and timeout >= 0:

             endtime = time.time() + timeout

         while self._threads:

             worker = self._threads.pop()

             if worker is not current and worker.isAlive():

                 try:

                     if timeout is None or timeout < 0:

                         worker.join()

                     else:

                         remaining_time = endtime - time.time()

                         if remaining_time > 0:

                             worker.join(remaining_time)

                         if worker.isAlive():

                             # We exhausted the timeout.

                             # Forcibly shut down the socket.

                             c = worker.conn

                             if c and not c.rfile.closed:

                                 try:

                                     c.socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RD)

                                 except TypeError:

                                     # pyOpenSSL sockets don't take an arg

                                     c.socket.shutdown()

                             worker.join()

                 except (AssertionError,

                         # Ignore repeated Ctrl-C.

                         # See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/691.

                         KeyboardInterrupt), exc1:

                     pass

     def _get_qsize(self):

         return self._queue.qsize()

     qsize = property(_get_qsize)

 try:

     import fcntl

 except ImportError:

     try:

         from ctypes import windll, WinError

     except ImportError:

         def prevent_socket_inheritance(sock):

             """Dummy function, since neither fcntl nor ctypes are available."""

             pass

     else:

         def prevent_socket_inheritance(sock):

             """Mark the given socket fd as non-inheritable (Windows)."""

             if not windll.kernel32.SetHandleInformation(sock.fileno(), 1, 0):

                 raise WinError()

 else:

     def prevent_socket_inheritance(sock):

         """Mark the given socket fd as non-inheritable (POSIX)."""

         fd = sock.fileno()

         old_flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD)

         fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFD, old_flags | fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)

 class SSLAdapter(object):

     """Base class for SSL driver library adapters.

     Required methods:

         * ``wrap(sock) -> (wrapped socket, ssl environ dict)``

         * ``makefile(sock, mode='r', bufsize=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE) -> socket file object``

     """

     def __init__(self, certificate, private_key, certificate_chain=None):

         self.certificate = certificate

         self.private_key = private_key

         self.certificate_chain = certificate_chain

     def wrap(self, sock):

         raise NotImplemented

     def makefile(self, sock, mode='r', bufsize=DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE):

         raise NotImplemented

 class HTTPServer(object):

     """An HTTP server."""

     _bind_addr = "127.0.0.1"

     _interrupt = None

     gateway = None

     """A Gateway instance."""

     minthreads = None

     """The minimum number of worker threads to create (default 10)."""

     maxthreads = None

     """The maximum number of worker threads to create (default -1 = no limit)."""

     server_name = None

     """The name of the server; defaults to socket.gethostname()."""

     protocol = "HTTP/1.1"

     """The version string to write in the Status-Line of all HTTP responses.

     For example, "HTTP/1.1" is the default. This also limits the supported

     features used in the response."""

     request_queue_size = 5

     """The 'backlog' arg to socket.listen(); max queued connections (default 5)."""

     shutdown_timeout = 5

     """The total time, in seconds, to wait for worker threads to cleanly exit."""

     timeout = 10

     """The timeout in seconds for accepted connections (default 10)."""

     version = "CherryPy/3.2.0"

     """A version string for the HTTPServer."""

     software = None

     """The value to set for the SERVER_SOFTWARE entry in the WSGI environ.

     If None, this defaults to ``'%s Server' % self.version``."""

     ready = False

     """An internal flag which marks whether the socket is accepting connections."""

     max_request_header_size = 0

     """The maximum size, in bytes, for request headers, or 0 for no limit."""

     max_request_body_size = 0

     """The maximum size, in bytes, for request bodies, or 0 for no limit."""

     nodelay = True

     """If True (the default since 3.1), sets the TCP_NODELAY socket option."""

     ConnectionClass = HTTPConnection

     """The class to use for handling HTTP connections."""

     ssl_adapter = None

     """An instance of SSLAdapter (or a subclass).

     You must have the corresponding SSL driver library installed."""

     def __init__(self, bind_addr, gateway, minthreads=10, maxthreads=-1,

                  server_name=None):

         self.bind_addr = bind_addr

         self.gateway = gateway

         self.requests = ThreadPool(self, min=minthreads or 1, max=maxthreads)

         if not server_name:

             server_name = socket.gethostname()

         self.server_name = server_name

         self.clear_stats()

     def clear_stats(self):

         self._start_time = None

         self._run_time = 0

         self.stats = {

             'Enabled': False,

             'Bind Address': lambda s: repr(self.bind_addr),

             'Run time': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or self.runtime(),

             'Accepts': 0,

             'Accepts/sec': lambda s: s['Accepts'] / self.runtime(),

             'Queue': lambda s: getattr(self.requests, "qsize", None),

             'Threads': lambda s: len(getattr(self.requests, "_threads", [])),

             'Threads Idle': lambda s: getattr(self.requests, "idle", None),

             'Socket Errors': 0,

             'Requests': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or sum([w['Requests'](w) for w

                                        in s['Worker Threads'].values()], 0),

             'Bytes Read': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or sum([w['Bytes Read'](w) for w

                                          in s['Worker Threads'].values()], 0),

             'Bytes Written': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or sum([w['Bytes Written'](w) for w

                                             in s['Worker Threads'].values()], 0),

             'Work Time': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or sum([w['Work Time'](w) for w

                                          in s['Worker Threads'].values()], 0),

             'Read Throughput': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or sum(

                 [w['Bytes Read'](w) / (w['Work Time'](w) or 1e-6)

                  for w in s['Worker Threads'].values()], 0),

             'Write Throughput': lambda s: (not s['Enabled']) and 0 or sum(

                 [w['Bytes Written'](w) / (w['Work Time'](w) or 1e-6)

                  for w in s['Worker Threads'].values()], 0),

             'Worker Threads': {},

             }

         logging.statistics["CherryPy HTTPServer %d" % id(self)] = self.stats

     def runtime(self):

         if self._start_time is None:

             return self._run_time

         else:

             return self._run_time + (time.time() - self._start_time)

     def __str__(self):

         return "%s.%s(%r)" % (self.__module__, self.__class__.__name__,

                               self.bind_addr)

     def _get_bind_addr(self):

         return self._bind_addr

     def _set_bind_addr(self, value):

         if isinstance(value, tuple) and value[0] in ('', None):

             # Despite the socket module docs, using '' does not

             # allow AI_PASSIVE to work. Passing None instead

             # returns '0.0.0.0' like we want. In other words:

             #     host    AI_PASSIVE     result

             #      ''         Y         192.168.x.y

             #      ''         N         192.168.x.y

             #     None        Y         0.0.0.0

             #     None        N         127.0.0.1

             # But since you can get the same effect with an explicit

             # '0.0.0.0', we deny both the empty string and None as values.

             raise ValueError("Host values of '' or None are not allowed. "

                              "Use '0.0.0.0' (IPv4) or '::' (IPv6) instead "

                              "to listen on all active interfaces.")

         self._bind_addr = value

     bind_addr = property(_get_bind_addr, _set_bind_addr,

         doc="""The interface on which to listen for connections.

         For TCP sockets, a (host, port) tuple. Host values may be any IPv4

         or IPv6 address, or any valid hostname. The string 'localhost' is a

         synonym for '127.0.0.1' (or '::1', if your hosts file prefers IPv6).

         The string '0.0.0.0' is a special IPv4 entry meaning "any active

         interface" (INADDR_ANY), and '::' is the similar IN6ADDR_ANY for

         IPv6. The empty string or None are not allowed.

         For UNIX sockets, supply the filename as a string.""")

     def start(self):

         """Run the server forever."""

         # We don't have to trap KeyboardInterrupt or SystemExit here,

         # because cherrpy.server already does so, calling self.stop() for us.

         # If you're using this server with another framework, you should

         # trap those exceptions in whatever code block calls start().

         self._interrupt = None

         if self.software is None:

             self.software = "%s Server" % self.version

         # SSL backward compatibility

         if (self.ssl_adapter is None and

             getattr(self, 'ssl_certificate', None) and

             getattr(self, 'ssl_private_key', None)):

             warnings.warn(

                     "SSL attributes are deprecated in CherryPy 3.2, and will "

                     "be removed in CherryPy 3.3. Use an ssl_adapter attribute "

                     "instead.",

                     DeprecationWarning

                 )

             try:

                 from cherrypy.wsgiserver.ssl_pyopenssl import pyOpenSSLAdapter

             except ImportError:

                 pass

             else:

                 self.ssl_adapter = pyOpenSSLAdapter(

                     self.ssl_certificate, self.ssl_private_key,

                     getattr(self, 'ssl_certificate_chain', None))

         # Select the appropriate socket

         if isinstance(self.bind_addr, basestring):

             # AF_UNIX socket

             # So we can reuse the socket...

             try: os.unlink(self.bind_addr)

             except: pass

             # So everyone can access the socket...

             try: os.chmod(self.bind_addr, 0777)

             except: pass

             info = [(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, "", self.bind_addr)]

         else:

             # AF_INET or AF_INET6 socket

             # Get the correct address family for our host (allows IPv6 addresses)

             host, port = self.bind_addr

             try:

                 info = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, socket.AF_UNSPEC,

                                           socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE)

             except socket.gaierror:

                 if ':' in self.bind_addr[0]:

                     info = [(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM,

                              0, "", self.bind_addr + (0, 0))]

                 else:

                     info = [(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM,

                              0, "", self.bind_addr)]

         self.socket = None

         msg = "No socket could be created"

         for res in info:

             af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res

             try:

                 self.bind(af, socktype, proto)

             except socket.error:

                 if self.socket:

                     self.socket.close()

                 self.socket = None

                 continue

             break

         if not self.socket:

             raise socket.error(msg)

         # Timeout so KeyboardInterrupt can be caught on Win32

         self.socket.settimeout(1)

         self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)

         # Create worker threads

         self.requests.start()

         self.ready = True

         self._start_time = time.time()

         while self.ready:

             self.tick()

             if self.interrupt:

                 while self.interrupt is True:

                     # Wait for self.stop() to complete. See _set_interrupt.

                     time.sleep(0.1)

                 if self.interrupt:

                     raise self.interrupt

     def bind(self, family, type, proto=0):

         """Create (or recreate) the actual socket object."""

         self.socket = socket.socket(family, type, proto)

         prevent_socket_inheritance(self.socket)

         self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

         if self.nodelay and not isinstance(self.bind_addr, str):

             self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)

         if self.ssl_adapter is not None:

             self.socket = self.ssl_adapter.bind(self.socket)

         # If listening on the IPV6 any address ('::' = IN6ADDR_ANY),

         # activate dual-stack. See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/871.

         if (hasattr(socket, 'AF_INET6') and family == socket.AF_INET6

             and self.bind_addr[0] in ('::', '::0', '::0.0.0.0')):

             try:

                 self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, 0)

             except (AttributeError, socket.error):

                 # Apparently, the socket option is not available in

                 # this machine's TCP stack

                 pass

         self.socket.bind(self.bind_addr)

     def tick(self):

         """Accept a new connection and put it on the Queue."""

         try:

             s, addr = self.socket.accept()

             if self.stats['Enabled']:

                 self.stats['Accepts'] += 1

             if not self.ready:

                 return

             prevent_socket_inheritance(s)

             if hasattr(s, 'settimeout'):

                 s.settimeout(self.timeout)

             makefile = CP_fileobject

             ssl_env = {}

             # if ssl cert and key are set, we try to be a secure HTTP server

             if self.ssl_adapter is not None:

                 try:

                     s, ssl_env = self.ssl_adapter.wrap(s)

                 except NoSSLError:

                     msg = ("The client sent a plain HTTP request, but "

                            "this server only speaks HTTPS on this port.")

                     buf = ["%s 400 Bad Request\r\n" % self.protocol,

                            "Content-Length: %s\r\n" % len(msg),

                            "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n",

                            msg]

                     wfile = CP_fileobject(s, "wb", DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)

                     try:

                         wfile.sendall("".join(buf))

                     except socket.error, x:

                         if x.args[0] not in socket_errors_to_ignore:

                             raise

                     return

                 if not s:

                     return

                 makefile = self.ssl_adapter.makefile

                 # Re-apply our timeout since we may have a new socket object

                 if hasattr(s, 'settimeout'):

                     s.settimeout(self.timeout)

             conn = self.ConnectionClass(self, s, makefile)

             if not isinstance(self.bind_addr, basestring):

                 # optional values

                 # Until we do DNS lookups, omit REMOTE_HOST

                 if addr is None: # sometimes this can happen

                     # figure out if AF_INET or AF_INET6.

                     if len(s.getsockname()) == 2:

                         # AF_INET

                         addr = ('0.0.0.0', 0)

                     else:

                         # AF_INET6

                         addr = ('::', 0)

                 conn.remote_addr = addr[0]

                 conn.remote_port = addr[1]

             conn.ssl_env = ssl_env

             self.requests.put(conn)

         except socket.timeout:

             # The only reason for the timeout in start() is so we can

             # notice keyboard interrupts on Win32, which don't interrupt

             # accept() by default

             return

         except socket.error, x:

             if self.stats['Enabled']:

                 self.stats['Socket Errors'] += 1

             if x.args[0] in socket_error_eintr:

                 # I *think* this is right. EINTR should occur when a signal

                 # is received during the accept() call; all docs say retry

                 # the call, and I *think* I'm reading it right that Python

                 # will then go ahead and poll for and handle the signal

                 # elsewhere. See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/707.

                 return

             if x.args[0] in socket_errors_nonblocking:

                 # Just try again. See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/479.

                 return

             if x.args[0] in socket_errors_to_ignore:

                 # Our socket was closed.

                 # See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/686.

                 return

             raise

     def _get_interrupt(self):

         return self._interrupt

     def _set_interrupt(self, interrupt):

         self._interrupt = True

         self.stop()

         self._interrupt = interrupt

     interrupt = property(_get_interrupt, _set_interrupt,

                          doc="Set this to an Exception instance to "

                              "interrupt the server.")

     def stop(self):

         """Gracefully shutdown a server that is serving forever."""

         self.ready = False

         if self._start_time is not None:

             self._run_time += (time.time() - self._start_time)

         self._start_time = None

         sock = getattr(self, "socket", None)

         if sock:

             if not isinstance(self.bind_addr, basestring):

                 # Touch our own socket to make accept() return immediately.

                 try:

                     host, port = sock.getsockname()[:2]

                 except socket.error, x:

                     if x.args[0] not in socket_errors_to_ignore:

                         # Changed to use error code and not message

                         # See http://www.cherrypy.org/ticket/860.

                         raise

                 else:

                     # Note that we're explicitly NOT using AI_PASSIVE,

                     # here, because we want an actual IP to touch.

                     # localhost won't work if we've bound to a public IP,

                     # but it will if we bound to '0.0.0.0' (INADDR_ANY).

                     for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, socket.AF_UNSPEC,

                                                   socket.SOCK_STREAM):

                         af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res

                         s = None

                         try:

                             s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)

                             # See http://groups.google.com/group/cherrypy-users/

                             #        browse_frm/thread/bbfe5eb39c904fe0

                             s.settimeout(1.0)

                             s.connect((host, port))

                             s.close()

                         except socket.error:

                             if s:

                                 s.close()

             if hasattr(sock, "close"):

                 sock.close()

             self.socket = None

         self.requests.stop(self.shutdown_timeout)

 class Gateway(object):

     def __init__(self, req):

         self.req = req

     def respond(self):

         raise NotImplemented

 # These may either be wsgiserver.SSLAdapter subclasses or the string names

 # of such classes (in which case they will be lazily loaded).

 ssl_adapters = {

     'builtin': 'cherrypy.wsgiserver.ssl_builtin.BuiltinSSLAdapter',

     'pyopenssl': 'cherrypy.wsgiserver.ssl_pyopenssl.pyOpenSSLAdapter',

     }

 def get_ssl_adapter_class(name='pyopenssl'):

     adapter = ssl_adapters[name.lower()]

     if isinstance(adapter, basestring):

         last_dot = adapter.rfind(".")

         attr_name = adapter[last_dot + 1:]

         mod_path = adapter[:last_dot]

         try:

             mod = sys.modules[mod_path]

             if mod is None:

                 raise KeyError()

         except KeyError:

             # The last [''] is important.

             mod = __import__(mod_path, globals(), locals(), [''])

         # Let an AttributeError propagate outward.

         try:

             adapter = getattr(mod, attr_name)

         except AttributeError:

             raise AttributeError("'%s' object has no attribute '%s'"

                                  % (mod_path, attr_name))

     return adapter

 # -------------------------------- WSGI Stuff -------------------------------- #

 class CherryPyWSGIServer(HTTPServer):

     wsgi_version = (1, 0)

     def __init__(self, bind_addr, wsgi_app, numthreads=10, server_name=None,

                  max=-1, request_queue_size=5, timeout=10, shutdown_timeout=5):

         self.requests = ThreadPool(self, min=numthreads or 1, max=max)

         self.wsgi_app = wsgi_app

         self.gateway = wsgi_gateways[self.wsgi_version]

         self.bind_addr = bind_addr

         if not server_name:

             server_name = socket.gethostname()

         self.server_name = server_name

         self.request_queue_size = request_queue_size

         self.timeout = timeout

         self.shutdown_timeout = shutdown_timeout

         self.clear_stats()

     def _get_numthreads(self):

         return self.requests.min

     def _set_numthreads(self, value):

         self.requests.min = value

     numthreads = property(_get_numthreads, _set_numthreads)

 class WSGIGateway(Gateway):

     def __init__(self, req):

         self.req = req

         self.started_response = False

         self.env = self.get_environ()

         self.remaining_bytes_out = None

     def get_environ(self):

         """Return a new environ dict targeting the given wsgi.version"""

         raise NotImplemented

     def respond(self):

         response = self.req.server.wsgi_app(self.env, self.start_response)

         try:

             for chunk in response:

                 # "The start_response callable must not actually transmit

                 # the response headers. Instead, it must store them for the

                 # server or gateway to transmit only after the first

                 # iteration of the application return value that yields

                 # a NON-EMPTY string, or upon the application's first

                 # invocation of the write() callable." (PEP 333)

                 if chunk:

                     if isinstance(chunk, unicode):

                         chunk = chunk.encode('ISO-8859-1')

                     self.write(chunk)

         finally:

             if hasattr(response, "close"):

                 response.close()

     def start_response(self, status, headers, exc_info = None):

         """WSGI callable to begin the HTTP response."""

         # "The application may call start_response more than once,

         # if and only if the exc_info argument is provided."

         if self.started_response and not exc_info:

             raise AssertionError("WSGI start_response called a second "

                                  "time with no exc_info.")

         self.started_response = True

         # "if exc_info is provided, and the HTTP headers have already been

         # sent, start_response must raise an error, and should raise the

         # exc_info tuple."

         if self.req.sent_headers:

             try:

                 raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]

             finally:

                 exc_info = None

         self.req.status = status

         for k, v in headers:

             if not isinstance(k, str):

                 raise TypeError("WSGI response header key %r is not a byte string." % k)

             if not isinstance(v, str):

                 raise TypeError("WSGI response header value %r is not a byte string." % v)

             if k.lower() == 'content-length':

                 self.remaining_bytes_out = int(v)

         self.req.outheaders.extend(headers)

         return self.write

     def write(self, chunk):

         """WSGI callable to write unbuffered data to the client.

         This method is also used internally by start_response (to write

         data from the iterable returned by the WSGI application).

         """

         if not self.started_response:

             raise AssertionError("WSGI write called before start_response.")

         chunklen = len(chunk)

         rbo = self.remaining_bytes_out

         if rbo is not None and chunklen > rbo:

             if not self.req.sent_headers:

                 # Whew. We can send a 500 to the client.

                 self.req.simple_response("500 Internal Server Error",

                     "The requested resource returned more bytes than the "

                     "declared Content-Length.")

             else:

                 # Dang. We have probably already sent data. Truncate the chunk

                 # to fit (so the client doesn't hang) and raise an error later.

                 chunk = chunk[:rbo]

         if not self.req.sent_headers:

             self.req.sent_headers = True

             self.req.send_headers()

         self.req.write(chunk)

         if rbo is not None:

             rbo -= chunklen

             if rbo < 0:

                 raise ValueError(

                     "Response body exceeds the declared Content-Length.")

 class WSGIGateway_10(WSGIGateway):

     def get_environ(self):

         """Return a new environ dict targeting the given wsgi.version"""

         req = self.req

         env = {

             # set a non-standard environ entry so the WSGI app can know what

             # the *real* server protocol is (and what features to support).

             # See http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2145.html.

             'ACTUAL_SERVER_PROTOCOL': req.server.protocol,

             'PATH_INFO': req.path,

             'QUERY_STRING': req.qs,

             'REMOTE_ADDR': req.conn.remote_addr or '',

             'REMOTE_PORT': str(req.conn.remote_port or ''),

             'REQUEST_METHOD': req.method,

             'REQUEST_URI': req.uri,

             'SCRIPT_NAME': '',

             'SERVER_NAME': req.server.server_name,

             # Bah. "SERVER_PROTOCOL" is actually the REQUEST protocol.

             'SERVER_PROTOCOL': req.request_protocol,

             'SERVER_SOFTWARE': req.server.software,

             'wsgi.errors': sys.stderr,

             'wsgi.input': req.rfile,

             'wsgi.multiprocess': False,

             'wsgi.multithread': True,

             'wsgi.run_once': False,

             'wsgi.url_scheme': req.scheme,

             'wsgi.version': (1, 0),

             }

         if isinstance(req.server.bind_addr, basestring):

             # AF_UNIX. This isn't really allowed by WSGI, which doesn't

             # address unix domain sockets. But it's better than nothing.

             env["SERVER_PORT"] = ""

         else:

             env["SERVER_PORT"] = str(req.server.bind_addr[1])

         # Request headers

         for k, v in req.inheaders.iteritems():

             env["HTTP_" + k.upper().replace("-", "_")] = v

         # CONTENT_TYPE/CONTENT_LENGTH

         ct = env.pop("HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE", None)

         if ct is not None:

             env["CONTENT_TYPE"] = ct

         cl = env.pop("HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH", None)

         if cl is not None:

             env["CONTENT_LENGTH"] = cl

         if req.conn.ssl_env:

             env.update(req.conn.ssl_env)

         return env

 class WSGIGateway_u0(WSGIGateway_10):

     def get_environ(self):

         """Return a new environ dict targeting the given wsgi.version"""

         req = self.req

         env_10 = WSGIGateway_10.get_environ(self)

         env = dict([(k.decode('ISO-8859-1'), v) for k, v in env_10.iteritems()])

         env[u'wsgi.version'] = ('u', 0)

         # Request-URI

         env.setdefault(u'wsgi.url_encoding', u'utf-8')

         try:

             for key in [u"PATH_INFO", u"SCRIPT_NAME", u"QUERY_STRING"]:

                 env[key] = env_10[str(key)].decode(env[u'wsgi.url_encoding'])

         except UnicodeDecodeError:

             # Fall back to latin 1 so apps can transcode if needed.

             env[u'wsgi.url_encoding'] = u'ISO-8859-1'

             for key in [u"PATH_INFO", u"SCRIPT_NAME", u"QUERY_STRING"]:

                 env[key] = env_10[str(key)].decode(env[u'wsgi.url_encoding'])

         for k, v in sorted(env.items()):

             if isinstance(v, str) and k not in ('REQUEST_URI', 'wsgi.input'):

                 env[k] = v.decode('ISO-8859-1')

         return env

 wsgi_gateways = {

     (1, 0): WSGIGateway_10,

     ('u', 0): WSGIGateway_u0,

 }

 class WSGIPathInfoDispatcher(object):

     """A WSGI dispatcher for dispatch based on the PATH_INFO.

     apps: a dict or list of (path_prefix, app) pairs.

     """

     def __init__(self, apps):

         try:

             apps = apps.items()

         except AttributeError:

             pass

         # Sort the apps by len(path), descending

         apps.sort(cmp=lambda x,y: cmp(len(x[0]), len(y[0])))

         apps.reverse()

         # The path_prefix strings must start, but not end, with a slash.

         # Use "" instead of "/".

         self.apps = [(p.rstrip("/"), a) for p, a in apps]

     def __call__(self, environ, start_response):

         path = environ["PATH_INFO"] or "/"

         for p, app in self.apps:

             # The apps list should be sorted by length, descending.

             if path.startswith(p + "/") or path == p:

                 environ = environ.copy()

                 environ["SCRIPT_NAME"] = environ["SCRIPT_NAME"] + p

                 environ["PATH_INFO"] = path[len(p):]

                 return app(environ, start_response)

         start_response('404 Not Found', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain'),

                                          ('Content-Length', '0')])

         return ['']